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10921 - THE PUZZLE (9)

Urban II presides over the Council of Clermont



THE PUZZLE OF 1096 The 1270
a chronology

Expansion Arab
1.
The First Crusade 2.
The First Crusade 3.
The First Crusade 4. Nd Crusade The
5.
The First Crusade 6.
The First Crusade 7.
The First Crusade 8.
th Crusade The End of the States in the Latin East




The See also: Abstracts

Short summaries describing the various Crusades .
Index documentary
Short summaries on topics relating to the Crusades.



of the Month The End of the States in the Latin East


© Rheinisches Landesmuseum

The Return of the Crusade by Karl Friedrich Lessing




1271. English Crusade led by Edward Plantagenet, Duke of Guyenne and future king of England, which continues through 8. First Crusade.

- Gregory X (1271-1276), Cardinal Visconti, is elected Pope. Have three main objectives: to pacify Italy, control the power of Charles of Anjou, King of Naples, and France and pacify Germany.

1271, April 7. Baybars, the Mamluk sultan of Egypt, seizes the Krak of the Knights. The Knights Hospitaller who defended the fortress are driven towards the coast.

1274. Pope Gregory X preaches the crusade, Concíçio in Lyon. Due to his death the project is set aside.

1274 to 1275. The Mamluks plunder Cilicia.

1277. Death of Baybars.

- Charles of Anjou declares himself pretender to the crown of Jerusalem, occupying St John of Acre.

1282. Henry II of Cyprus becomes king of Jerusalem.

1289, April 27. The Mamluks ruled by Sultan Qalawun take Tripoli. The city is razed.

1291, May 18. The Mamluks led by Khalil, successor Qalawun come into St. John of Acre. The Citadel occupied by the Templars resisted until the 28th.

1291, summer Evacuation of other strongholds of Palestine. Cyprus, the last French territory in the Eastern Mediterranean, will be governed by the Lusignan dynasty until 1489.

1294. Boniface VIII (1294-1303), Cardinal Gaetani, is elected Pope. A skeptic in religious matters, but he believed in charms and magic, is considered the last Pope of the Middle Ages. It was the last pope to proclaim the universal authority of the Papacy, which had been defended by Gregory VII and maintained by Innocent III. But in fact, its main objective was the enhancement of family Gaetani.

1299. The Mongols conquered Damascus.

1303. The Templars leave the islet of Rouad.

1303, September 8. "The Great Day in Anagni": Two envoys of the king of France Philip IV the Fair, enter the Pope's office, threatening to kill him, trying to get his resignation public, and hold it with the intention to bring to France but are stopped due to public reaction. Boniface dies shortly after.

1307.13 October. Philip IV, ordered the arrest the Templars in his kingdom.

1310, August 15. The Hospitallers are masters of Rhodes. Govern the island until 1523.

1312, March 22, Pope Clement V, French, archbishop of Bordeaux, decreed the abolition of the Temple in his bull Vox in exalted.






main sources:

AAVV,
The Crusades (1096-1270), Lisbon
, Parchment, 2001

Tate, George, L'Orient des
croisade,
Paris, Gallimard ('Découvertes » ), 1991

Heers, Jacques, The Medieval World
,
Lisbon, Attica Editions, 1976



The See also:

D. Dinis
Entry Portugal - Historical Dictionary.




MANUEL AMARAL 2000-2008

No Present For Destination Wedding?

10920 - 10919

CHRONOLOGY OF CROSS


The Eighth Crusade (1270)


© Bibliotheque Nationale de France

Departure of St. Louis for the Crusade




1270, Louis IX March, St. Louis, decided to organize a new crusade.

1270, July 2. The French troops leave Aigues-Mortes.

1270.18 July. Disembarkation of Louis IX at Tunis, possibly at the insistence of Charles of Anjou, King of Naples and Sicily, the younger brother of the king of France. The plague decimates the army crossed.

1270, August 25. Death of king.

1270, beginning of November. Alphonse of Poitiers and the French troops embark from approaching with intent to Syria.

1270, 15-16 November. The French fleet is destroyed by a storm. The expedition can not keep track.

main sources:

AAVV,
The Crusades (1096-1270), Lisbon
, Parchment, 2001

Tate, George, L'Orient des
croisade,
Paris, Gallimard (' découvertes'), 1991

Heers, Jacques, The Medieval World
,
Lisbon, Attica Editions, 1976
The


see also: D.

Afonso III
Entry Portugal - Historical Dictionary.






1249, June 5. Louis IX disembarking at Damietta on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt.

1249, November 20. The crusading army goes to the south towards Cairo.

1250, February 12. Battle of Mansura. The vanguard of the army is destroyed, but the victory belongs to the Crusaders.

1250, April 5. The crusading army begins to withdraw to Damietta.

1250, April 7. Louis IX and the Crusader army are taken prisoner by the Egyptians.

1250, May 6. Restitution of Damietta to Muslims in exchange for the king of France, Louis IX, and signed a truce ten years.

1250 to 1254. The king of France reorganizes Palestine and Syria.

1252. Louis IX establishes an alliance with the Mamluks.

1254, April 24. Louis IX arrives in France.

1258, February. The Mongols take Baghdad. Extinction of the Abbasid dynasty.

1260. The Mongols invade Aleppo, Damascus and Homs.

1260, September. Seizure of power by the Mamluk sultan Baybars. Rule until 1277.

1260, September 3. The Mamluk victory over the Mongols at Ain Jalud after the Franks allow Muslims to cross their states to put themselves in front of the invading Tartars.

1261, July 25. The army of the Greek Empire of Nicaea, under Alexios Stragopulos, regaining Constantinople. The Latin Empire of the East disappears.

1265, February 27. Taking of Caesarea and Arsuf by Mamluks.

1268. The Franks lost Jaffa, Beaufort and Antioch.

1269. Aragonese Crusade led by the bastards of the King of Aragon, Fernando Sanchez and Pedro Fernandez.






main sources:

AAVV,
The Crusades (1096-1270), Lisbon

, Parchment, 2001

Tate, George, L'Orient des
croisade,
Paris, Gallimard ('Découvertes » ) 1991

Heers, Jacques, The Medieval World
,
Lisbon, Attica Editions, 1976



The See also:

D. Afonso III
Entry Portugal - Historical Dictionary.




Gregory IX excommunicated Frederick II, who is slow to leave for the crusade.

1228, May 4. Death of Isabella of Jerusalem. Frederick continues to administer the kingdom on behalf of his son and heir, the future Conrad IV

1228, July. Frederick John of Ibelin dispossess the kingdom of Cyprus.

1228, September 7. Frederick II arrives in St. John of Acre.

1228, November. Home fortification of Jaffa.

1229, February 11. Conclusion of the treaty of Jaffa, between al-Malik al-Kamil and Frederick II, with recovery of Jerusalem, Nazareth and Bethlehem

1229, March 18 The emperor is crowned King of Jerusalem the Holy Sepulchre.

1229, May 1. Frederick is expelled by a mob of Acre popular.

1232. Ivan (John) Asen II, King of the Bulgarians, broke with Rome and became the independent Bulgarian church.

1235. John Asen alliance with the Byzantine emperor of Nicaea against the Franks.

1237, June. 120 riders are massacred by the Crusaders Alepin.

1238, Death March of Sultan al-Kamil.

1239, July. End of the truce signed between Frederick II and al-Kamil.

1239.1 September. Landing at Acre's expedition led by Thibaud IV of Champagne.

1239, November 13. Defeat of the Crusaders in Gaza. Reconquest of Jerusalem by Muslims.

1240. Malik Damascus Alliance with the Franks, with the return of Beaufort Safed and the Latins.

1240, October. Arrival at Acre's British crusade led by Richard of Cornwall.

1241, April 23. Peace of Ascalon, with the return of Galilee, Jerusalem and Bethlehem to the Franks.

1244, August 23. Definitive conquest of Jerusalem by the Turks Kharezmianos, plundering the Holy Sepulchre.

1244, 17 October. La ForBio disaster: the Kharezmianos annihilate the French army composed mainly of Knights Templars, Hospitallers and Teutonic.

1247. The Turks reoccupy Tiberias and Ashkelon.






main sources:

AAVV,
The Crusades (1096-1270), Lisbon
, Parchment, 2001

Tate, George, L'Orient des
croisade,
Paris, Gallimard ('Découvertes » ), 1991

Heers, Jacques, The Medieval World
,
Lisbon, Attica Editions, 1976



The See also:

D. Sancho II
Entry Portugal - Historical Dictionary.




Almanac


© Bibliotheque Nationale de France

Making Damietta

1215. Innocent III launched a new appeal to the cross during a sermon in the opening 4. ° Lateran Council. Is headed by John of Brienne, king of Jerusalem and Andrew II, King of Hungary.

1216, January. Death of Innocent III.

1217, September. Andrew II of Hungary and Leopold VI, Duke of Austria, landed in Acre to support the troops assembled by John de Brienne.

1217, December. Franks abandon the siege of the fortress of Mount Tabor.

1218, May 29. The army of John of Brienne lands in Damietta.

1219. First incursion of the Mongols of Genghis Khan against Muslim territories.

1219, March Muslims dismantle the fortifications of Jerusalem.

1219, November 5. Taking of Damietta by the Crusaders. Trail of the Sultan al-Kamil.

1220, 29 March, John of Brienne entering Syria.

1221, end of June. Pelagius, the papal legate, decided to conquer Cairo.

1221, August 30. Defeat of the Christians in Mansura. Evacuation of Damietta.







main sources:

AAVV,
The Crusades (1096-1270),
Lisbon, Parchment, 2001

Tate, George, L'Orient des
croisade,
Paris, Gallimard ('Découvertes), 1991

Heers, Jacques, The Medieval World
,
Lisbon, Attica Editions, 1976

The

see also: D.

Afonso II
Entry Portugal - Historical Dictionary.